Many Mexican republicans fought the French army, winning a brief victory on. In 1862 France invaded Mexico to collect debts repudiated by the liberal government and Conservatives approached France's ruler Napoleon III to select a monarch for Mexico. The conservative military and the Roman Catholic Church allied in an unsuccessful attempt to oust the liberal reformers in a civil war. Following the disastrous Mexican–American War, Santa Anna was ousted and civilian liberals took power, passing a series of laws removing military privileges and decreasing its power. General Antonio López de Santa Anna was to dominate politics for decades. Mexico became a republic with a weak central government. Iturbide became Emperor of Mexico, but was forced to abdicate by military officers. Royal army officer Agustín de Iturbide changed sides and made a pact with insurgent general Vicente Guerrero, bringing about independence. With the outbreak of the Mexican War of Independence, the royal army fought insurgents for independence. The Spanish crown established a standing military in the late eighteenth century to shore up the defense of New Spain against foreign attacks. The Army and Navy are controlled by two separate government departments, the National Defense Secretariat and the Naval Secretariat, and maintain two independent chains of command, with no joint command except the President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. The Mexican Army includes the Mexican Air Force, while the Mexican Navy includes the Naval Infantry Force (Marine Corps) and the Naval Aviation ( FAN). Currently the Mexican military forces are composed of two independent entities: the Mexican Army and the Mexican Navy.
Following the collapse of the Federal Army during the 1910-1920 Mexican Revolution, former revolutionary generals systematically downsized the size and power of the military. After Mexican independence in 1821, the military played an important political role, with army generals serving as heads of state. The Spanish crown established a standing military in colonial Mexico in the eighteenth century.
The Mexican Armed Forces ( Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas de México) are the military forces of the United Mexican States.
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